SHAPE memory Alloys (SMA) are widely used as new materials with higher potential in implants, self expanding NiTi stents, etc. for medical applications and in actuators, micro actuators, components for isolation of vibrations, etc. for non-medical applications. In this study, SHAPE memory EFFECT, superelasticity, and excellent damping capability, three special characteristics of this material, are discussed and an extended one-dimensional constitutive model for prediction of superelastic behavior is proposed. The model is based on strain as control variable (strain driven). Stress induced austenit-martensite evolutionary equations are first proposed and time discrete model is then obtained through backward Euler scheme. The solution of the time-discrete model is approached by a modified return map algorithm for phase transition. Then, tangent modulus is used for the quadratic convergence of the Newton method ill the phase transition conditions. Muller model helps us to predict material behavior in the pseudo-elastic hysteresis. In the next step, extended solution algorithm is proposed and different experimental test results are discussed. Finally, the proposed model results are compared with the result of some experimental studies, which shows good agreements.

In this research work a SHAPE from shading (SFS) technique which incorporates a Lambertian model is implemented for the automatic generation of a digital terrain model (DTM) using a single view aerial image. The developed algorithm is tested on both simulated and real data. The estimated accuracy of the generated DTM from the simulated data, which has a bilinear surface, is about ±3 cm. The real data is a scanned aerial photograph taken over a low texture hilly terrain. The generated DTM by the SFS technique is compared with a DTM acquired by the manual measurement of the stereo image of the same area using a photogram metric plotter. The estimated rimes of the discrepancies between the grid nodes of the measured and the automatically generated DTM is about ±4 meters. The unsuccessful reconstruction of the terrain surface for the real data is due to the fact that a simple Lambertian model does not take into account, in a perfect way, different nondeterministic influential factors such as the terrain alb Edo variations and the random noise. The influence of the latter case was reduced by a low pass filter applied as a preprocessing stage.

With the advent of SHAPE memory alloys (SMAs), several commercial and industrial applications were proposed due to their superior mechanical and biological properties. Among these materials, Nickel-Titanium (NiTi) alloys are widely applied and well-researched since they are characterized not only by good thermal and mechanical properties but also by excellent biocompatibility compared to other SMAs. In most of the applications, the structural components and devices made of NiTi SMAs work under cyclic thermo mechanical loading and one of the major limitations facing the industrial use of this alloy is the degradation of the material when subjected to cyclic loadings (i.e., training). In this study, pseudoelastic training procedure in NiTi SHAPE memory alloy and the resultant two-way SHAPE memory EFFECT are studied using in-situ electric resistivity measurement. At first, variations in the residual strain and in the electric resistivity during pseudoelastic training method are revealed. Then, by measuring the electric resistivity after training procedure (upon specified thermal cycling at stress-free condition) as well as the induced two-way SHAPE memory strain, the EFFECTs of residual martensite and dislocation (plastic deformation) on the residual strain are investigated. The obtained results show that about 33% of the residual strain accumulated in 100 pseudoelastic cycles can be ascribed to the residual martensite and about 67% of the residual stain is attributed to the dislocations (plasticity).

The classification of SHAPE data is a significant challenge in the statistical analysis of SHAPEs and machine learning. In this paper, we introduce a multinomial logistic regression model based on SHAPE descriptors for classifying labeled configurations. In this model, the explanatory variables include a set of geometric descriptors such as area, elongation, convexity, and circularity, while the response variable represents the category of each configuration. The inclusion of these descriptors preserves essential geometric information and enhances classification accuracy. We evaluate the proposed model using both simulated data and real datasets, and the results demonstrate its EFFECTive performance. Additionally, the proposed method was compared with one of the existing methods in the literature, and the results indicated its superiority in terms of both classification accuracy and computational simplicity.

The SHAPE of a submerged vane is a major factor in the design of a vane system and affects the performance and secondary currents generated by the vanes. This study investigated the EFFECT of five vane SHAPEs on bed sediment processes (local scour at the leading edge and transverse distribution of sediment downstream of the vanes) at four flow intensities for a total of 20 experiments. The results of the comparison of vaneinduced bed-level changes show that a vane with a rounded leading edge and decreased thickness in the longitudinal direction performed best at decreasing local scour at the edge of the vane by about 17.3% for U/Uc=0.78, 12.3% for U/Uc=0.93, 6.1% for U/Uc=1.10, and 45.8% for U/Uc=1.19. It was found that decreasing the cross-section area of the vane using SHAPE modification decreased sedimentation and increased the sediment bed level on the high-pressure side of the vane.

The current research was conducted with the aim of the EFFECT of attachment style on emotion regulation with the mediating role of identity style. The research method was descriptive and structural equation analysis. The statistical population of the research was all second year high school students of Kashan city in the academic year of 1400-1401, of which 500 people were selected by random cluster method. Data were collected based on three questionnaires: Gross & Jan (2003) Emotional Regulation Inventory, Identity Style Scale (6G-ISI) and Collins and Reid (1990) Attachment Style Questionnaire. The data are obtained by structural equation modeling and using Laserl 8.8 and 26 spss software. analyzed. Based on the results, secure attachment style at a significance level of 0.01, avoidant attachment style at a significance level of 0.05, and ambivalent attachment style at a significance level of 0.01 directly predicted emotion regulation. Among the three attachments, secure attachment style predicted emotion regulation at a significant level of 0.01, with the mediation of identity styles. Informational identity style at a significance level of 0.01, confused identity style at a significance level of 0.05 directly predicted emotion regulation. Among the three attachments, only the secure attachment style at a significance level of 0.01 had a significant role in predicting the normative identity style. According to the results of this study, emotion regulation is one of the most important constructs of educational psychology and an important factor in determining mental health and successful performance. It is in education that the factors affecting emotion regulation and its antecedents should be identified. Planning for training and holding educational workshops in this field in schools is suggested for students.

Background & Aim: Extrusion of debris from apex is one of the main factors of flare up (inflammation, pain or combination of both). Various studies have been conducted toward the amount of debris extrusion but no one compared this drawback on one – SHAPE and xp-SHAPEr system in curved root canals. So, this study aimed to determine the amount of apical debris extrusion following preparation of canal by one-SHAPE or xp-SHAPEr in curved canals of mesiobuccal root in mandibular first molars.Material & Method: This experimental study was done on 34 mandibular first molars with 30 to 40 degree curved mesiobuccal root canal. The samples were randomly divided in two groups. First group had one –SHAPE for root canal preparation while the other had xp-SHAPEr. Roots of the teeth were fixed in pre weighted fluxes till cervical area so that all apical debris were collected in vials. After desiccation process, the vials were weighted again. The difference between original and secondary weight of vials containing debris is considered as weight of debris extrusion. Data were analyzed using T-test.Results: Amount of debris extrusion in one– SHAPE group was 0.018±0.014 and in xp-SHAPEr group was 0.01±0.007 and the difference was statistically significant (0.01).Conclusion: Considering the situation and limitation of this in vitro study, xp-SHAPEr rotary system was associated with less debris extrusion compared to one – SHAPE systems.